语用容忍原则与精确数字的模糊理解

韦　汉
(复旦大学外文系上海200433)
摘　要: 自然语言与理想语言(或科学语言) 的根本区别在于自然语言不是按严格逻辑规则来操作,
而是受语用容忍原则的支配。我们提出的语用容忍原则是以伯恩斯(Burns) 不严格容忍原则(loose
tolerance principles) 和雷科夫(G. L akoff) 的ICM s(理想认知模式) 为认知语用基础, 根据语用容忍原则, 我们尝试对精确数字的模糊理解进行阐释。
关键词: 语用容忍原则; 精确数字; 理想认知模式; 认知参照点
中图分类号:H 313 　　文献标识码:A 　　文章编号: 100025544 (2002) 0420017205
Abstract:Much has been talked about the differences betw een natural language and ideal language(or scientific languages). However, the issue does not seem uncontroversial. The paper contends that the distinctive feature that makes natural language different from ideal language is that the former relies on pragmatic tolerance princip le while the latter on classical logic. The very ideas that underlie the pragmatic tolerance principle are the concept of loose tolerance rules advocated by Burns and ICMs proposed by Lakoff. The explanatory power of the pragm atic tolerance principle is manifest in the analysis of fuzzy manipulation of natural language, especially in fuzzy reading of precise numbers.
Key words: pragm atic tolerance princip le; precise numbers; ICMs; cognitive reference points